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"This chapter provides a critical review of the cross-modal lexical priming (CMLP) paradigm and its variants as used in the bilingual lexical access literature. We first discuss methodological concerns related to task processing demands and the specific requirements (e.g., ecological validity, online vs. offline) required to appropriately assess bilingual exhaustive activation. We then go on to discuss the functionality and reliability of the CMLP and its implementations in bilingual cross-language priming, bilingual figurative language processing (e.g., idioms and metaphors), and word type effects (e.g., homophones, homographs). We underscore the CMLP's capability and flexibility to probe for bilingual multiple lexical activation at multiple points throughout the spoken sentence, and provide early and late measures of language processing. Task selection is crucial in the investigation of bilingual lexical access. Such statement, in the words of Swinney (1982), would seem so self-evident as to be nearly tautologous (p. 152); the question of whether bilingual lexical access is selective (i.e., activation only of contextually relevant language) or nonselective (i.e., simultaneous activation of both languages regardless of contextually-relevant [language] information; Gerard & Scarborough, 1989) would be more appropriately resolved taking into consideration the processing demands imposed by the experimental paradigm (Craik & Lockart, 1972; Morris, Bransford, & Franks, 1977). In addition to the cognitive processes being measured by the orienting task (e.g., semantic vs. shallow), Craik and Lockhart underscore the importance of incidental tasks in which participants are not aware of or told explicitly that they are participating in a memory experiment, for example (see also McLaughlin, 1965)"--
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Analysing language data systematically and looking closely at how people formulate their thoughts can reveal astonishing insights about the human mind. Without presupposing specific subject knowledge, this book gently introduces its readers to theoretical insights as well as practical principles for systematic linguistic analysis from a cognitive perspective. Drawing on Thora Tenbrink's twenty years' experience in both linguistics and cognitive science, this book offers theoretical guidance and practical advice for doing cognitive discourse analysis. It covers areas of analysis as diverse as attention, perspective, granularity, certainty, inference, transformation, communication, and cognitive strategies, using inspiring examples from many different projects. Simple techniques and tools are used to allow readers new to the subject easy ways to apply the methods, without the need for complex technologies, whilst the cross-disciplinary approach can be applied to a diverse range of research purposes and contexts in which language and thought play a role.
Psycholinguistics --- Discourse analysis --- Cognition --- Psychological aspects --- Pragmatics --- Discourse analysis - Psychological aspects --- Cognition. --- Psychological aspects. --- Psychology
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Cristina Archetti started researching childlessness after being diagnosed with "unexplained infertility". She soon discovered that, although involuntary childlessness affects an increasing number of women and men across the world, this topic is shrouded taboo and shame. This bookis both a first-person reflection about the existential questions posed by involuntary childlessness and a readable account of the way the silence surrounding this topic is socially and politically constructed. Revealing the invisible mechanisms that, from the microscopic details of everyday life to policy, make up the structure of silence around childlessness, Archetti demonstrates what it means not to have children in a society that is organized around families. Through a prose that mixes analysis, excerpts of interviews, media fragments, and evocative writing, she develops a new language of feeling-in-the-body fit for the twenty-first century and exposes the devastating effects infertility has on relationships, identity, health and well-being, in societies that fetishize parenthood. Childlessness in the Age of Communication draws upon a range of disciplines and fields including sociology, health, gender and sexuality studies, communication, politics and anthropology. It is a book for all those interested in childlessness and innovative qualitative research methodologies.
Childlessness --- Social aspects. --- Psychological aspects. --- Family size
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Organizational behavior. --- Organizational change --- Neurosciences. --- Psychological aspects.
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This book is intended for medical students and surgical trainees such as surgical residents and fellows. It provides a practical preparation guide for common surgical procedures. Operations are divided into twelve sections that cover commonly performed general surgery operations such as bariatric, breast, cardiothoracic, colorectal, minimally invasive, and more. The chapters included in these sections aim to assist residents and fellows in facilitating memorization of the operation sequence and movements required to perform a given task. It will also help enhance skill development in the operating room. Written by residents and highly experienced attending surgeons, Mental Conditioning to Perform Common Operations in General Surgery Training: A Systematic Approach to Expediting Skill Acquisition and Maintaining Dexterity in Performance provides a comprehensive systematic approach to performing surgical procedures.
Surgery. --- General Surgery. --- Surgery, Primitive --- Medicine --- Surgery --- Psychological aspects. --- Operations, Surgical --- Psychological aspects
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"Games are a unique art form. The game designer doesn't just create a world; they create who you will be in that world. They tell you what abilities to use and what goals to take on. In other words, they specify a form of agency. Games work in the medium of agency. And to play them, we take on alternate agencies and submerge ourselves in them. What can we learn about our own rationality and agency, from thinking about games? We learn that we have a considerable degree of fluidity with our agency. First, we have the capacity for a peculiar sort of motivational inversion. For some of us, winning is not the point. We take on an interest in winning temporarily, so that we can play the game. Thus, we are capable of taking on temporary and disposable ends. We can submerge ourselves in alternate agencies, letting them dominate our consciousness, and then dropping them the moment the game is over. Games are, then, a way of recording forms of agency, of encoding them in artifacts.
Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Aesthetics --- Agent (Philosophy). --- Games --- Psychological aspects. --- Games - Psychological aspects --- Agent (Philosophy)
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"We are inundated with game play today. Digital devices offer opportunities to play almost anywhere and anytime. No matter our age, gender, social, cultural, or educational background-we play. Play in the Age of Goethe: Theories, Narratives, and Practices of Play around 1800 is the first book-length work to explore how the modern discourse of play was first shaped during this pivotal period (approximately 1770-1830). The eleven chapters illuminate critical developments in the philosophy, pedagogy, psychology, politics, and poetics of play as evident in the work of major authors of the period including Lessing, Goethe, Kant, Schiller, Pestalozzi, Jacobi, Tieck, Jean Paul, Schleiermacher, and Fröbel. While drawing on more recent theories of play by thinkers such as Jean Piaget, Donald Winnicott, Jost Trier, Gregory Bateson, Jacques Derrida, Thomas Henricks, and Patrick Jagoda, the volume shows the debates around play in German letters of this period to be far richer and more complex than previously thought, as well as more relevant for our current engagement with play. Indeed, modern debates about what constitutes good rather than bad practices of play can be traced to these foundational discourses"--
Play --- Recreations --- Recreation --- Amusements --- Games --- Social aspects --- History --- Psychological aspects --- PSYCHOLOGY / General. --- Social aspects. --- Psychological aspects.
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"Indispensable.... for anyone who cares about journalism." - Professor Karin Wahl-Jorgensen How can we understand the complex relationship between journalism and emotion? In a world of live-streamed terror, polarised political debates and fake news, emotion has become central to our understanding of contemporary journalism. Including interviews with leading journalists throughout, Journalism and Emotion critically explores the impact of this new affective media environment, not just on the practice of journalism, but also the lived experience of journalists themselves. Bringing together theory and practice, Stephen Jukes explores: • The history of objectivity and emotion in journalism, from pre-internet to digital. • The 'emotionalisation' of culture in today's populist media landscape. • The blurring of boundaries between journalism and social media content. • The professional practices of journalists working with emotive material. • The mental health risks to journalists covering traumatic stories. • The impact on journalists handling graphic user-generated content. In today's interactive, interconnected and participatory media environment, there is more emotive content being produced and shared than ever before. Journalism and Emotion helps you make sense of this, explaining how emotion is mobilised to influence public opinion, and how journalists themselves work with and through emotional material.
Journalism --- Psychological aspects --- Journalism - Psychological aspects --- Writing (Authorship) --- Literature --- Publicity --- Fake news --- Methodology
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This book explores the consumption behaviour of ‘extreme’ athletes from a quantitative perspective. Extreme sports are a multi-billion-dollar industry. The behaviour of athletes who participate in them differs from the majority of consumers in that they voluntarily seek out risky and dangerous situations that other consumers actively avoid. It has therefore been suggested that these consumer-athletes may have a unique psychology in this regard. The book adopts a novel approach based on established psychological theories concerning the behaviour of extreme individuals, applying and translating them into marketing research and practice. It discusses how specific psychological drivers impact the consumption behaviour of consumer-athletes and a variety of marketing-relevant outcomes. By demonstrating that extreme consumers are characterized by a unique psychology that leads them to act and think differently, this book offers scholars deeper insights into consumer behaviour, while also helping practitioners target this lucrative marketing segment more effectively. Francesco Raggiotto is Research Fellow in Marketing at the Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Udine, Italy. His current research interests are in tourism management and sport management. He has published extensively in various academic journals, including the Journal of Business Research, Tourism Management and the Sport Management Review.
Extreme sports --- Psychological aspects. --- Action sports (Extreme sports) --- Sports --- Motivation research (Marketing). --- Sports—Psychological aspects. --- Consumer Behavior. --- Sport Psychology. --- Advertising --- Marketing research --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Research --- Psychological aspects
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